Planning

Capacity, Quota & Coverage Model

The model I use to answer the two questions every exec team asks before a hiring plan is approved: what number can this team actually carry, and how much pipeline does it take to get there? Move the assumptions and the plan recalculates.

Assumptions

Plan readout

Sales-led target
Required ramped heads
Fully productive equivalents
Hires to make
Includes ramp and backfill
Pipeline required
Plan coverage from current headcount

Quarterly capacity build

Quarter Starting heads Hires Attrition Productive equivalents Capacity (ARR)
Full-year attainable

How the math works

sales target = ARR target × (1 − self-serve %)
Self-serve revenue is carried by the product funnel, not by quota-bearing reps. Loading it onto AE quota is the most common way a plan silently becomes unachievable.

productive equivalent = head × (months productive ÷ 12)
A rep hired in month seven with a five-month ramp contributes almost nothing this year. Ramp is modeled as a fraction of the year, not as a footnote.

capacity = productive equivalents × quota × attainment
Planning at 100% attainment is planning to miss. Historical attainment is the honest multiplier.

pipeline required = target ÷ win rate, held as coverage against remaining quota. Coverage below 3× on a 22% win rate means the gap is demand generation, not selling effort.

Demand reality check

Capacity tells you what the team can carry; it doesn't tell you whether the market can feed it. This section works backward from the pipeline number above to the raw demand the funnel must produce, and stress-tests it against the size of the reachable market.

Opportunities needed
SQLs needed
Sales-qualified conversations
Leads needed
TAM penetration required

Market-fit assumptions the model leans on

ICP density. If only a fraction of the named market actually fits the ICP, effective TAM shrinks faster than headcount grows. I maintain an ICP-fit field at the account level so coverage math runs on real coverage, not list size.

Conversion is evidence of fit. Sustained lead→SQL and win rates at or above the plan's assumptions are the market telling you the message and motion are working. When they decay, it's a positioning or ICP problem — hiring more reps only scales the miss.

Pipeline sources diverge. Self-serve signups, inbound, and outbound convert at different rates and velocities. The funnel math above assumes a blended funnel; in practice I model each source separately so a plan that depends on outbound isn't silently leaning on inbound history.

How I use it

This model is the bridge between the board number and the hiring plan. In planning season I run three versions — conservative, plan, and stretch — and present the headcount and pipeline each one demands. It turns "can we hit $24M?" into a specific conversation about recruiting lead time, ramp investment, and marketing spend, and it gives finance a defensible line between capacity and quota coverage.